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United States. --- Officials and employees --- Selection and appointment.

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Once elected, members of Congress face difficult decisions about how to allocate their time and effort. On which issues should they focus? What is the right balance between working in one's district and on Capitol Hill? How much should they engage with the media to cultivate a national reputation? William Bernhard and Tracy Sulkin argue that these decisions and others define a "legislative style" that aligns with a legislator's ambitions, experiences, and personal inclinations, as well as any significant electoral and institutional constraints. Bernhard and Sulkin have developed a systematic approach for looking at legislative style through a variety of criteria, including the number of the bills passed, number of speeches given, amount of money raised, and the percentage of time a legislator voted in line with his or her party. Applying this to ten congresses, representing twenty years of congressional data, from 1989 to 2009, they reveal that legislators' activity falls within five predictable styles. These styles remain relatively consistent throughout legislators' time in office, though a legislator's style can change as career goals evolve, as well as with changes to individual or larger political interests, as in redistricting or a majority shift. Offering insight into a number of enduring questions in legislative politics, Legislative Style is a rich and nuanced account of legislators' activity on Capitol Hill.

Legislators --- Legislation --- Political planning --- Professional relationships --- Decision making. --- United States. --- Officials and employees. --- Congress. --- legislative activity. --- legislative careers.

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Migrant architects of the NHS' draws on forty-five oral history interviews and extensive archival research to offer a radical reappraisal of how the National Health Service was made. It tells the story of migrant South Asian doctors who became general practitioners in the NHS. Imperial legacies, professional discrimination and an exodus of UK-trained doctors combined to direct these doctors towards work as GPs in some of the most deprived parts of the UK. In some areas, they made up over half of the general practitioner workforce. The NHS was structurally dependent on them and they shaped British society and medicine through their agency. 0Aimed at students and academics with interests in the history of immigration, immigration studies, the history of medicine, South Asian studies and oral history. It will also be of interest to anyone who wants to know more about how Empire and migration have contributed to making Britain what it is today.

Physicians (General practice) --- Minorities in medicine --- South Asians --- Medicine --- Great Britain. --- NHS Executive --- National Health Service (Great Britain) --- NHS --- Officials and employees. --- South Asia --- Great Britain --- Asia, South --- Asia, Southern --- Indian Sub-continent --- Indian Subcontinent --- Southern Asia --- Orient --- Emigration and immigration --- Social aspects. --- Physicians --- Medicine. --- History of medicine.. --- MEDICAL / History. --- History & Archaeology --- History --- History: specific events & topics --- Social & cultural history.

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The bureaucracy's commitment to the public good and predictable decision making processes is an important prerequisite of economic growth. There are, however, only few studies that ask how such an efficient bureaucracy was established. The main objective of this book is to close this gap by exploring the transformation of a rent-seeking bureaucracy into a modern Weberian administration in the Grand-Duchy of Baden during the first half of the 19th century.In doing so, the study asks how rules and regulations that governed employment dismissal, promotion and remuneration of bureaucrats shaped the latter's incentives to commit to the public good and predictable decision making processes. The book provides a detailed case study of local bureaucrats, called district magistrates (Amtmänner) in the German state of Baden during the late 18th and the first half of the 19th century. District magistrates were a focal group since they managed daily administrative tasks and provided justice at the local level. Binding district magistrates' decision making processes to clear-cut rules and making them more predictable was therefore a crucial complement to the technological and cultural changes that brought about the industrial revolution.

Administrative agencies --- Civil service --- Bureaucrats --- Career government service --- Civil servants --- Government employees --- Government service --- Public employees --- Public service (Civil service) --- Public administration --- Public officers --- Public service employment --- Agencies, Administrative --- Executive agencies --- Government agencies --- Regulatory agencies --- Administrative law --- History --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Baden (Germany) --- Baden-Württemberg (Germany) --- Württemberg-Baden (Germany) --- Baden (Grand Duchy) --- Politics and government --- Officials and employees --- E-books

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The family has become a subject of increasing scrutiny in recent years, giving special relevance to this work by the late Michael Sheehan. Collected here for the first time, Sheehan's papers contain the fruits of a forty-year-long career of archival research and interpretation of documents on property, marriage, family, sexuality, and law in medieval Europe. Marked by an early orientation and developing focus on the status of women in the Middle Ages, the work of Michael Sheehan displays a unique tapestry of the social and legal realities of medieval marriages and family life. Sheehan's research focused on the parallel study and interpretation of Church law and cases drawn from ecclesiastical court registers. By analysing the emergence of the last will as a legal and social document, he brought a new interpretation to the definition and codification of Christian marriage and the family and how these institutions functioned in society. Although his approach was largely by way of canon law, he was invariably at pins to incorporate solid support from such related fields as theology, the social and popular history of religion, and the history of sexuality and sexual behaviour. As a result, these essays throw light on many social realities in medieval Europe and illustrate the development of a methodology for others to follow.

Women diplomats --- International cooperation --- Cooperation, International --- Global governance --- Institutions, International --- Interdependence of nations --- International institutions --- World order --- Cooperation --- International relations --- International organization --- Women as diplomats --- Diplomats --- McGeachy, Mary, --- League of Nations --- United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration --- Great Britain. --- International Council of Women --- C.I.F. --- C.I.M. --- Cif --- CIM --- Conseil international des femmes --- Consejo Internacional de Mujeres --- I.C.W. --- I.F.R. --- ICW --- IFR --- Internationaler Frauenbund --- Internationaler Frauenrat --- Associated Country Women of the World --- Liaison Committee of Rural Women's and Homemakers' Organisations --- International Relief and Rehabilitation Administration --- UNRRA --- Administrat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Ob"edinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ dli︠a︡ pomoshchi i vosstanovlenii︠a︡ --- Správa Spojených národů pro okamžitou pomoc a první obnovu --- United Nations. --- U.N.R.R.A. --- International Refugee Organization --- Officials and employees --- Canada --- Women diplomats. --- International cooperation. --- International Council of Women. --- Women. --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Marriage --- Marriage (Canon law) --- Families --- History.